NASA NeoWs · Schema

NearEarthObject

A near Earth asteroid record from the NASA JPL NeoWs dataset.

NASAAsteroidsNear Earth ObjectsSpaceScienceOpen DataPlanetary Defense

Properties

Name Type Description
id string Internal identifier.
neo_reference_id string NASA JPL small body reference ID.
name string Common name of the asteroid.
name_limited string Short version of the asteroid name.
designation string Minor planet designation.
nasa_jpl_url string URL to the JPL Small-Body Database entry.
absolute_magnitude_h number Absolute magnitude (H) — a measure of intrinsic brightness.
estimated_diameter object
is_potentially_hazardous_asteroid boolean Whether this NEO is classified as potentially hazardous.
is_sentry_object boolean Whether this object is tracked by the Sentry impact monitoring system.
close_approach_data array
orbital_data object
View JSON Schema on GitHub

JSON Schema

near-earth-object.json Raw ↑ 
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/api-evangelist/nasa-neows/refs/heads/main/json-schema/near-earth-object.json",
  "title": "NearEarthObject",
  "description": "A near Earth asteroid record from the NASA JPL NeoWs dataset.",
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "id": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Internal identifier."
    },
    "neo_reference_id": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "NASA JPL small body reference ID."
    },
    "name": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Common name of the asteroid."
    },
    "name_limited": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Short version of the asteroid name."
    },
    "designation": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Minor planet designation."
    },
    "nasa_jpl_url": {
      "type": "string",
      "format": "uri",
      "description": "URL to the JPL Small-Body Database entry."
    },
    "absolute_magnitude_h": {
      "type": "number",
      "description": "Absolute magnitude (H) — a measure of intrinsic brightness."
    },
    "estimated_diameter": {
      "$ref": "#/$defs/EstimatedDiameter"
    },
    "is_potentially_hazardous_asteroid": {
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "Whether this NEO is classified as potentially hazardous."
    },
    "is_sentry_object": {
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "Whether this object is tracked by the Sentry impact monitoring system."
    },
    "close_approach_data": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "$ref": "#/$defs/CloseApproach"
      }
    },
    "orbital_data": {
      "$ref": "#/$defs/OrbitalData"
    }
  },
  "$defs": {
    "EstimatedDiameter": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "Estimated diameter in multiple units.",
      "properties": {
        "kilometers": { "$ref": "#/$defs/DiameterRange" },
        "meters": { "$ref": "#/$defs/DiameterRange" },
        "miles": { "$ref": "#/$defs/DiameterRange" },
        "feet": { "$ref": "#/$defs/DiameterRange" }
      }
    },
    "DiameterRange": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "Min/max estimated diameter in a given unit.",
      "properties": {
        "estimated_diameter_min": { "type": "number" },
        "estimated_diameter_max": { "type": "number" }
      },
      "required": ["estimated_diameter_min", "estimated_diameter_max"]
    },
    "CloseApproach": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "A single close-approach event for the asteroid.",
      "properties": {
        "close_approach_date": {
          "type": "string",
          "format": "date",
          "description": "Date of closest approach (YYYY-MM-DD)."
        },
        "close_approach_date_full": {
          "type": "string",
          "description": "Full date and time of closest approach."
        },
        "epoch_date_close_approach": {
          "type": "integer",
          "description": "Unix epoch timestamp of closest approach."
        },
        "orbiting_body": {
          "type": "string",
          "description": "The body being orbited (e.g., Earth, Venus, Mars)."
        },
        "relative_velocity": {
          "type": "object",
          "properties": {
            "kilometers_per_second": { "type": "string" },
            "kilometers_per_hour": { "type": "string" },
            "miles_per_hour": { "type": "string" }
          }
        },
        "miss_distance": {
          "type": "object",
          "properties": {
            "astronomical": { "type": "string" },
            "lunar": { "type": "string" },
            "kilometers": { "type": "string" },
            "miles": { "type": "string" }
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "OrbitalData": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "Orbital mechanics parameters from JPL.",
      "properties": {
        "orbit_id": { "type": "string" },
        "orbit_determination_date": { "type": "string" },
        "first_observation_date": { "type": "string", "format": "date" },
        "last_observation_date": { "type": "string", "format": "date" },
        "data_arc_in_days": { "type": "integer" },
        "observations_used": { "type": "integer" },
        "orbit_uncertainty": { "type": "string" },
        "minimum_orbit_intersection": { "type": "string" },
        "jupiter_tisserand_invariant": { "type": "string" },
        "epoch_osculation": { "type": "string" },
        "eccentricity": { "type": "string" },
        "semi_major_axis": { "type": "string" },
        "inclination": { "type": "string" },
        "ascending_node_longitude": { "type": "string" },
        "orbital_period": { "type": "string" },
        "perihelion_distance": { "type": "string" },
        "perihelion_argument": { "type": "string" },
        "aphelion_distance": { "type": "string" },
        "perihelion_time": { "type": "string" },
        "mean_anomaly": { "type": "string" },
        "mean_motion": { "type": "string" },
        "equinox": { "type": "string" },
        "orbit_class": {
          "type": "object",
          "properties": {
            "orbit_class_type": { "type": "string" },
            "orbit_class_description": { "type": "string" },
            "orbit_class_range": { "type": "string" }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}